More than 400 academics and political scientists from around the world demand that repression cease and release political prisoners

More than 400 academics, researchers and political scientists have signed an open letter in which they call on the Government of Daniel Ortega to release the opposition presidential candidates, civil society actors and the rest of the political prisoners.

Otherwise they affirm "it is imperative that governments, intergovernmental organizations, and international organizations collaborate to increase diplomatic pressure on the Ortega-Murillo government."

Among the signatories, there are professors from prestigious universities in the United States, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Spain, the United Kingdom, Norway, the Netherlands, Scotland, Bolivia and Peru.

Nicaragua needs "free and fair elections"

We, the undersigned, are scholars and researchers of Latin American politics and social issues, many of us focused on Nicaragua. We are gravely concerned by the Nicaraguan government’s treatment of its political opponents. We call on the Nicaraguan government to release detained opposition presidential candidates, civil society figures, and all other political prisoners. We urge international actors to press Nicaragua’s government to revoke laws restricting civil liberties and to allow truly free and fair elections in November.

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The government’s crackdown on mass protests after April 2018 left over 300 dead and thousands injured. Many more were imprisoned or forced into exile. These abuses were documented by the United Nations, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and other independent experts. Since 2018, President Daniel Ortega and Vice President Rosario Murillo’s government has resisted calls for early elections and democratizing reforms. Instead, the government appears determined to make the scheduled November 2021 elections even less democratic. As of June 9, police have arrested four of the most prominent potential opposition presidential candidates—Cristiana Chamorro, Arturo Cruz, Félix Maradiaga, and Juan Sebastián Chamorro—and members of their families and staff, as well as leaders of the business community and civil society organizations. These include former chamber of commerce president José Adán Aguerri, activist Violeta Granera, and former government minister and economist José Pallais. Other activists and journalists are facing legal threats or surveillance, while civil society groups and international organizations’ activities are severely restricted. Protest remains criminalized.

We urgently call on the Nicaraguan government to cease this repression, release all political prisoners, and to work with the opposition to commit to holding free and fair elections. Barring immediate action by the government to fulfill these conditions, it is imperative that governments, intergovernmental bodies, and international organizations collaborate to bring additional diplomatic pressure to bear on the Ortega-Murillo government, while taking care to avoid collateral impacts on the Nicaraguan people as a whole after several years of economic hardship. All Nicaraguans deserve to determine who governs them and to live in a society without fear of the state. At a time when political freedoms are under threat throughout the Americas, it is crucial to support Nicaraguans struggling for democracy, and to ensure the Ortega-Murillo government’s repression is not seen as an example for leaders and a warning for dissidents elsewhere in the region.

Those wishing to sign the letter can do so here.

1. Kai M. Thaler, Assistant Professor of Global Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara
2. Deborah J. Yashar, Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton University
3. Steven Robert Levitsky, David Rockefeller Professor of Latin American Studies and Director of the Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University
4. Kenneth Roberts, Professor of Government, Cornell University
5. Scott Mainwaring, Professor of Political Science, University of Notre Dame
6. Thomas B F Cummins, Dumbarton Oaks Professor of the History of Pre-Columbian and Colonial Art and Director of Dumbarton Oaks, Harvard University
7. James Mahoney, Gordon Fulcher Professor of Decision-Making, Northwestern University
8. Javier Corrales, Professor of Political Science, Amherst College
9. Lindsay Mayka, Associate Professor of Government, Colby College
10. Gabriel Aguilera López, Decano Regional - Ciencias Sociales, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey
11. Aníbal Pérez-Liñán, Profesor de Ciencia Politica, University of Notre Dame
12. Maria Victoria Murillo, Professor of Political Science, Columbia University
13. Javier Auyero, Professor of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin
14. Susan Eckstein, Professor, Boston University
15. Carlos De La Torre, Director of the Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida
16. Alfred P. Montero, Frank B. Kellogg Professor of Political Science, Carleton College
17. Leslie Anderson, Research Foundation Professor, University of Florida
18. Sebastián Etchemendy. Professor Political Science, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
19. Santiago Anria, Assistant Professor of Political Science and Latin American Studies, Dickinson College
20. Noam Lupu, Associate Professor of Political Science, Vanderbilt University
21. Claudio Lomnitz, Professor, Columbia University
22. Robert Kaufman, Distinguished Professor, Rutgers University
23. Alberto Simpser, Profesor, ITAM
24. Marcelo Bergman, Profesor, UNTREF, Argentina
25. Ernesto F. Calvo, Profesor, University of Maryland
26. Matthew Carnes, Associate Professor of Government and Director of Center for Latin American Studies, Georgetown University
27. Catalina Smulovitz, Profesora Plenaria, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
28. Gretchen Helmke, Professor of Political Science, University of Rochester
29. Margarita López Maya, Profesora-Investigadora, Universidad Central de Venezuela, CENDES
30. Lillian Guerra, Professor of Latin American History, University of Florida
31. Mario Pecheny, Profesor e Investigador, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET
32. María Matilde Ollier, Directora doctorado Ciencia Política, Escuela de Política y Gobierno, UNSAM
33. Alejandro De Oto, Investigador y docente universitario, CONICET-UNSJ-Argentina
34. Rolando Gonzalez-Jose, Dr. en Biología, CONICET
35. Sebastián Barros, Profesor titular, Univ. Nac. De la Patagonia, Argentina
36. Juan Negri, Associate Professor, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
37. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Profesor e Investigador, CONICET- Universidad Nacional De San Martín, Argentina
38. Ludovico Feoli, Director, Center for Inter-American Policy and Research, Tulane University
39. Federico Merke, Profesor Asociado, Universidad de San Andrés
40. Daniela Campello, Associate professor, Getulio Vargas Foundation
41. Juan Pablo Luna, Professor, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
42. Carlos Henrique Alves Limeira, Cientista político, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande-PB
43. Patrick Cunha Silva, Ph.D. Candidate, Washington University in St. Louis
44. Andrew Schrank, Olive C. Watson Professor of Sociology and International and Public Affairs, Brown University
45. Kenneth Greene, Associate Professor, University of Texas at Austin
46. João Biehl, Susan Dod Brown Professor of Anthropology, Princeton University
47. Douglas S. Massey, Henry G. Bryant Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs, Princeton University
48. Karen Kampwirth, Robert W. Murphy Professor of Political Science, Knox College
49. Shelley McConnell, Associate Professor of Government, St. Lawrence University
50. Maria Paula Saffon, Investigadora, UNAM
51. Gerardo L. Munck, Profesor, Universidad del Sur de California
52. Sandra Jessica Ley Gutierrez, Profesora-Investigadora Titular, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE)
53. Sandra Serrano, Profesora – Investigadora, FLACSO México
54. Rachel Sieder, Profesora-Investigadora, CIESAS, Mexico City
55. Rossana Castiglioni, Profesora, Universidad Diego Portales
56. Gabriela Tarouco, Professora, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
57. Eduardo Alemán, Associate Professor, University of Houston
58. Michael Coppedge, Professor of Political Science, University of Notre Dame
59. Miguel Centeno, Professor, Princeton University
60. Laura Gamboa, Assistant Professor, University of Utah
61. Pablo M. Pinto, Associate Professor, University of Houston
62. Diana Isabel Güiza Gómez, Ph.D. Student in Political Science and Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame
63. Gianfranco Pasquino, Emeritus Professor of Political Science, University of Bologna, ITALY
64. Kathryn A. Sikkink, Ryan Family Professor of Human Rights Policy, Harvard Kennedy School
65. Rodolfo Vázquez, Professor, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM)
66. Sebastian Mazzuca, Assistant Professor, Johns Hopkins University
67. Alejandro Monsivais Carrillo, Investigador, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte
68. Jorge Mangonnet, Investigador postdoctoral, Nuffield College, Universidad de Oxford
69. Martín Tanaka, Politólogo, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú / Instituto de Estudios Peruanos
70. Doris Sommer, Professor/ Catedratica, Harvard University
71. Andreas Schedler, Professor of Political Science, CIDE-Mexico City
72. Kelly M. Greenhill, 2020-21 Leverhulme Trust Visiting Professor, Tufts and Harvard (HKS) Universities; SOAS (20-21)
73. Kurt Weyland, Mike Hogg Professor in Liberal Arts, University of Texas
74. Francisco Valdes-Ugalde, Professor-Researcher, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales-UNAM
75. John M. Carey, Wentworth Professor in the Social Sciences, Dartmouth College
76. Tulia Falleti, Professor of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania
77. Mariano Siskind, Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures and Comparative Literature, Harvard University
78. Pauline Capdevielle, Investigadora, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM
79. Sheri Berman, Professor, Barnard College, Columbia University
80. Rachel Nolan, Assistant Professor, Boston University
81. Maxwell A. Cameron, Professor, University of British Columbia
82. Gabriela Irem Noles Cotito, Estudiante de doctorado, Universidad de Pensilvania
83. Edwin Alvarado-Mena, Ph.D. student, The University of Arizona
84. Alejandro Rodiles Breton, Profesor/Investigador, ITAM/Berlin-Potsdam Research Center KFG
85. Richard M Leventhal, Professor – Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania
86. Juan Pablo Ardila, History PhD candidate, University of Pennsylvania
87. Javier Martín Reyes, Profesor, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE, México)
88. Randall Burson, MD-PhD Student, University of Pennsylvania
89. Michael Jones-Correa, President's Distinguished Professor of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania
90. Isabella Alcañiz, Associate Professor of Government and Politics, University of Maryland
91. Magdalena Lopez, Investigadora académica, University of Notre Dame
92. Ruth Berins Collier, Professor, University of California, Berkeley
93. Catherine E. Bartch, Associate Director, Latin American and Latinx Studies, University of Pennsylvania
94. Patricia Funes, Historiadora, UBA/CONICET
95. Graciela Montaldo, Professor, Columbia University
96. Jessica Rich, Associate Professor, Marquette University
97. Michael Weintraub, Profesor Asociado, Escuela de Gobierno, Universidad de los Andes
98. Ioannis D. Evrigenis, Professor of Political Science; Director of the International Relations Program, Tufts University
99. Richard Snyder, Professor of Political Science, Brown University
100. Eric Mosinger, Assistant Professor, Santa Clara University
101. Pablo Palumbo, Politólogo, Universidad Nacional de San Martín
102. María Teresa Lozano O'Reilly, Estudiante de doctorado, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas UNAM
103. Hilary Francis, Lecturer, Northumbria University
104. Don Leonard, Assistant Professor of Practice, The Ohio State University
105. Adrián Lucardi, Profesor Asociado de Tiempo Completo, ITAM
106. Sergio Angel, Profesor Investigador, Universidad Sergio Arboleda
107. Rafael R. Ioris, Associate Professor, University of Denver
108. Rachel Bowen, Associate Professor, The Ohio State University
109. Consuelo Amat Matus, Postdoctoral Research Scholar, Stanford University
110. Nico Millman, PhD Candidate, English Department, University of Pennsylvania
111. Alisha Holland, Associate Professor of Government, Harvard University
112. Janice Gallagher, Assistant Professor, Rutgers University-Newark
113. Agustina Giraudy, Associate Professor, American University
114. Lucas Gonzalez, Professor and Researcher, CONICET/UCA-UNSAM
115. Kent Eaton, Professor of Politics, University of California, Santa Cruz
116. Edward Gibson, Professor, Northwestern University
117. Robert Brett, PhD Candidate, University of Pennsylvania
118. Alison Brysk, Distinguished Professor, University of California Santa Barbara
119. Juan Cristóbal Castro, Profesor, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
120. Liliana De Riz, Socióloga, CADAL
121. Jorge Miguel Streb, Profesor, Universidad del Cema
122. Carlos Pabon, Profesor, University of Puerto Rico
123. David Altman, Profesor, Instituto de Ciencia Política, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
124. Laura López-Pérez, PhD student of Political Science, University of Notre Dame
125. Ignacio Labaqui, Profesor Pro-Titular, Universidad Católica Argentina
126. Rachel A. Schwartz, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Otterbein University
127. Brian H. Smith, Professor Emeritus of Religion, Ripon College
128. Sara Niedzwiecki, Assistant Professor, University of California, Santa Cruz
129. Andy Baker, Professor, University of Colorado Boulder
130. Hernan Jose Alberro, Periodista, Independent
131. Pablo Rueda-Saiz, Associate Professor, University of Miami School of Law
132. Rose Spalding, Professor, DePaul University
133. Mario Sánchez González, Investigador Universitario, Universidad Centroamericana de Nicaragua
134. Nina Gerassi-Navarro, Professor, Tufts University
135. Douglas Castro, Alianza Universitaria Nicaragüense
136. Noémi Gonda, Researcher / Investigadora, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences / Universidad Sueca de Ciencias Agrícolas
137. Serena Cosgrove, Associate Professor in International Studies, Seattle University
138. Sergio Miguel Cabrales Domínguez, Doctorando en Sociología, University of Pittsburgh
139. Beatriz Magaloni, Professor, Stanford University
140. Laura Blume, Assistant Professor, University of Nevada Reno
141. Hector M. Cruz-Feliciano, Director of Programs, Latin America, CET Academic Programs
142. Jana Morgan, Professor of Political Science, University of Tennessee
143. Raquel Neyra, Docente, UNALM
144. Nathalia Hernandez Vidal, Doctora en sociología, Independiente
145. Eduardo Dargent, Profesor, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
146. Paula Munoz, Profesora asociada, Universidad del Pacífico
147. César Augusto Guadalupe Mendizábal, Profesor-investigador, Universidad del Pacífico (Perú)
148. Jennifer Goett, Associate Professor of Comparative Cultures and Politics, Michigan State University
149. Jennifer Cyr, Associate Professor, Universidad Torcuato di Tella
150. Steven B. Bloomfield, Associate Director, Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, Brown University
151. Bruno Bolognesi, Political Scientista/Professor, Federal University of Paraná
152. Maria Julia Bertomeu, Investigadora Principal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas, Argentina
153. Elisabeth Jean Wood, Professor of Political Science, Yale University
154. Dolores Figueroa Romero, Profesora de Antropologia Social, CONACYT- CIESAS CDMX
155. Carlos Ivan Paredes Estrada, Estudiante de universidad, Alianza Universitaria Nicaraguense (AUN)
156. John Mazza, Manager of Web and Multimedia Production, Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, Brown University
157. Paola Bergallo, Profesora, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
158. Sergio Villena, Profesor, Universidad de Costa Rica
159. Alberto J. Olvera, Professor, Universidad Veracruzana
160. Robert Devigne, Professor of Political Science, Tufts University
161. Veronica Rueda Estrada, Profesora-investigadora, Universidad de Quintana Roo
162. Diedrich Delallana, Abogado, Unidad Nacional Azul y Blanco (UNAB)
163. Alba Reyes Lara, Profesora y estudiante, UNAM
164. Mónica Toussaint, Profesora-Investigadora, Instituto Mora (Mexico)
165. Felipe Flores Vichi, Profesor Investigador , Universidad de Quintana Roo
166. Beth Stephens, Distinguished Professor of Law, Rutgers Law School
167. Deborah Schildkraut, Professor of Political Science, Tufts University
168. Tim Phillips, Founder, Beyond Conflict
169. Soili Buska, Profesora, Universidad de Costa Rica
170. Gustavo Fuchs, Profesor universitario, Universidad Nacional
171. Claudia Mandel, Directora, Museo de las Mujeres de Costa Rica
172. Claudio Vargas, Historiador, Universidad de Costa Rica
173. Benjamin Waddell, Associate Professor of Sociology and Criminology, Fort Lewis College
174. Jane Esberg, Postdoctoral Fellow, Princeton University
175. Karen Musalo, Professor, University of California, Hastings
176. David Collier, Profesor Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley
177. Néstor E. Rodríguez, Associate Professor, University of Toronto
178. Ben Schneider, Professor, MIT
179. Pablo Piccato, Profesor, Columbia University
180. Eulogio Guzman, Senior Lecturer, Tufts University
181. Pablo Livov, Museo de las Mujeres de Costa Rica
182. Adela Vázquez Trejo, Docente, Universidad de Quintana Roo
183. Leda M. Pérez, Profesora e Investigadora, Universidad del Pacífico
184. Sam Handlin, Associate Professor of Political Science, Swarthmore College
185. Katrina Burgess, Associate Professor, Fletcher School, Tufts University
186. Diana Pritchard, University of Bedfordshire
187. Alberto Cortés Ramos, Profesor Catedrático, Universidad de Costa Rica
188. Elizet Payne, Historiadora, Universidad de Costa Rica
189. Natalia Armijo Canto, Profesora Investigadora, Universidad de Quintana Roo
190. Ana Arjona, Profesora Asociada, Northwestern University
191. Claudia Mattos Avolese, Senior Lecturer, Tufts University
192. Rina Caceres-Gomez, Dra História, Universidad de Costa Rica
193. Angelica Duran-Martinez, Associate Professor, University of Massachusetts Lowell
194. Christine J. Wade, Professor of Political Science and International Studies, Washington College
195. Yansi Pérez, Associate Professor, Carleton College
196. Susanne Jonas, Continuing Lecturer (r), University of California, Santa Cruz
197. Arlene B. Tickner, Professor of International Relations, Universidad del Rosario, Colombia
198. Pierre M. LaRamee, Generation--Population, Development and Reproductive Health Consultants, LLC
199. Kirsten Weld, Professor of History, Harvard University
200. Delphine Lacombe, Soióloga, Université de Paris
201. Federico Pérez, Assistant Professor, Portland State University
202. Jon Jonakin, Emeritus Professor of Economics, Tennessee Technological University
203. Dennis Arias Mora, Profesor Catedrático, Universidad de Costa Rica
204. Lynn Maria Stephen, Profesora de Antropologia, University of Oregon
205. Daniel Quirós, Associate Professor, Lafayette College
206. Pedro Angel Palou, Fletcher Professor of Oratory, Tufts University
207. Juanita M. Darling, Professor, San Francisco State University
208. Amy Millay, Senior Lecturer, Tufts University
209. Anjuli Fahlberg, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Tufts University
210. Helen Marrow, Associate Professor of Sociology, Tufts University
211. Florencia Quesada Avendaño, Doctora, Universidad de Helsinki
212. Javier Osorio, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona
213. John A. Booth, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of North Texas
214. Benjamin Goldfrank, Professor, Seton Hall University
215. Orlando J. Perez, Dean, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas at Dallas
216. Jan L. Flora, Profesor Emerito, Iowa State University
217. Adriana Zavala, Associate Professor, Tufts University
218. Nicholas Barnes, Lecturer, University of St. Andrews
219. Celso Rocha de Barros, Colunista, Folha de São Paulo
220. Pedro Zubieta Funes, Professor, Universidad Católica Boliviana
221. Ben Orlove, Professor, Columbia University
222. Eva Leticia Orduña Trujillo, Investigadora de tiempo completo, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe de la UNAM
223. Maria Celeste Braga Beatove, Profesora de Derecho, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
224. Virginia Oliveros, Associate Professor, Tulane University
225. Cecilia Conde, Investigadora, UNAM, Mexico
226. Ilka Treminio, Directora, FLACSO Costa Rica
227. Ezequiel González Ocantos, Associate Professor, University of Oxford
228. Cristina Eguizábal, Profesora, FLACSO Costa Rica
229. Fernando M. Jaime, Profesor Titular, UBA / UNAJ
230. Juany Guzmán León, Profesora Catedrática Pensionada, Universidad de Costa Rica
231. Gabriel Puricelli, Coordinator, International Policy Programme, Laboratorio de Políticas Públicas
232. Natalia Jacovkis, Associate Professor of Spanish, Xavier University
233. Caio Tendolini, Economista, Bancada Ativista
234. Mark Healey, Associate Professor, University of Connecticut
235. Julio F. Carrión, Associate Professor, University of Delaware
236. Juan Crespo, Doctorando en Estudios sobre Desarrollo, Univeresidad del País Vasco / Instituto HEGOA
237. Noah Zweig, Investigador independiente, Independiente
238. Mariano Sánchez-Talanquer, Profesor Investigador, El Colegio de México
239. Rebecca Galemba, Associate Professor, University of Denver
240. Pauline Jones, Professor, University of Michigan
241. Jacob Turner, PhD Candidate, University of Notre Dame
242. Daniel Friedrich, Associate Professor of Curriculum, Teachers College, Columbia University
243. Vaclav Masek, Ph.D. Student in Sociology, University of Southern California
244. Patrick McQuestion, Research Associate, University of Notre Dame
245. Alexandra Panzarelli, PhD candidate, New School for Social Research
246. Wendy Hunter, Professor of Government, University of Texas
247. Juan Manuel Muñoz Portillo, Profesor, Universidad de Costa Rica
248. Timothy Scully, Professor of Political Science, University of Notre Dame
249. Maritza Paredes, Profesora Asociada, Pontifica Universidad Católica del Peru
250. Chris O'Connell, Research Fellow, Dublin City University
251. Marta Bunge, Profesora Emerita de Matematicas, McGill University
252. Caitlin Andrews-Lee, Assistant Professor, Ryerson University
253. Antulio Rosales, Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of New Brunswick
254. Luis Herrán Ávila, Assistant Professor of History, University of New Mexico
255. Roy Hora, Investigador Principal, CONICET, Argentina
256. Raul Sanchez Urribarri, Senior Lecturer in Legal Studies, La Trobe University
257. Matias Bianchi, Director, Asuntos del Sur
258. Juan Jesús Garza Onofre, Investigador de tiempo completo, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM
259. José Briceño Ruiz, Professor - Researcher, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México
260. Norma Graciela Chiapparrone, Abogada, NoSomosIncubadoras
261. Maria Isabel Mayer, Grupo YANAPAI
262. Calla Hummel, Assistant Professor, University of Miami
263. Julio Rios Figueroa, Profesor Titular, ITAM
264. Sarah Daly, Assistant Professor, Columbia University
265. María Isabel Puerta Riera, Adjunct Professor of Political Science, Valencia College
266. Linda Estelí Méndez Barrientos, PhD candidate/Incoming Assistant Professor, University of California Davis/Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver
267. Randy Pestana, Assistant Director of Research, Gordon Institute, Florida International University
268. David Smilde, Professor of Sociology, Tulane University
269. Monica Martinez, Research Case Investigator, Georgia State University
270. Kristina Lyons, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania
271. Javier Arteaga, Publicista y Director, Feeling (Colombia)
272. Jennifer Pribble, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Richmond
273. Juliana Martine Franzoni, Catedrática, Universidad de Costa Rica
274. Bill (William) A. Barnes, Independent scholar
275. Joseph Young, Professor, American University
276. James Loxton, Senior Lecturer in Comparative Politics, University of Sydney
277. Víctor Hugo Acuña Ortega, Catedrático y profesor emérito, Universidad de Costa Rica
278. María Esther Montanaro Mena, Editora de Cuadernos Inter.c.a.mbio sobre Centroamérica y el Caribe, CIICLA, Universidad de Costa Rica
279. Rosario Hidalgo, Medical Doctor and Researcher, Tampa Comprehensive Psychiatry, LLC
280. Imdat Oner, PhD Candidate, Florida International University
281. Pablo Martín Ruiz, Profesor, Tufts University
282. Florence E. Babb, Anthony Harrington Professor of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
283. Carmen Caamaño Morúa, Docente, Universidad de Costa Rica
284. Luis Alberto, Director, Amexcap
285. Giancarlo Visconti, Assistant Professor, Purdue University
286. Benedicte Bull, Professor, University of Oslo
287. Armando Chaguaceda, Investigador de Gobierno & Análisis Político, Independiente
288. José Antonio Sanahuja, Catedrático de Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
289. Eline van Ommen, Lecturer, Utrecht University
290. Julie Cupples, Professor of Human Geography and Cultural Studies, University of Edinburgh
291. Sabine Kurtenbach, Lead Researcher, GIGA
292. Anika Oettler, Professor of Sociology, Philipps Universität Marburg
293. Abbey Steele, Associate Professor, University of Amsterdam
294. Francisco J. Verdes-Montenegro, Investigador, ICEI
295. Fabio Andres Diaz Pabon, Researcher, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University
296. Cecilia Güemes, Profesora, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
297. Andrew Nickson, Honorary Reader in Latin American Studies, University of Birmingham
298. Julienne Weegels, Assistant Professor, CEDLA-University of Amsterdam
299. Leandro N Carrera, Research Associate, PPG - London School of Economics
300. Silke Heumann, Senior Lecturer, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University
301. Lucy Taylor, Senior Lecturer, Aberystwyth University
302. Alvaro Ebanks, Administrador de Empresas, SOS Nicaragua-Holanda
303. Goya Wilson Vásquez, Senior Research Associate, University of Bristol
304. Ana Victoria Portocarrero Lacayo, Doctorante en el Instituto de Estudios Sociales, Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam
305. David Preston, Social scientist lecturer, retired, University of Oxford & University of Leeds
306. Arij Ouweneel, Profesor universitario, Universidad de Amsterdam
307. Floor van der Hout, Doctoral candidate, Northumbria University
308. Peter Wade, Professor of Social Anthropology, University of Manchester
309. Dirk Kruijt, Professor of Development Studies Emeritus, Utrecht University
310. Luisa F. González Valencia, Candidata a doctorado, Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Universidad de Ámsterdam - CEDLA
311. Lillian Sol Cueva, PhD researcher, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University
312. Sarah Kemp, PhD candidate, Northumbria University, UK
313. William C. Smith, Professor Emeritus, University of Miami
314. Patience Schell, Chair in Hispanic Studies, University of Aberdeen
315. Masaya Llavaneras Blanco, Incoming Assistant Professor, Huron University College
316. Salvador Martí i Puig, Profesor, Universidad de Girona
317. Michael Deibert, Visiting Scholar, Instituto Ciências Sociais
318. Eduardo Moncada, Assistant Professor, Barnard College, Columbia University
319. Francisco J. Monaldi, Fellow, Rice University
320. Rutgerd Boelens, Professor, Wageningen University & University of Amsterdam
321. Hannah Porada, PhD Candidate, CEDLA, University of Amsterdam
322. Jordi Diez, Catedrático, University of Guelph, Canada
323. Newton Bignotto, Professor Titular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
324. Kristin Skrabut, Assistant Professor of Urban Policy & Anthropology, Tufts University
325. Daisy D'Amario, Profesora, Sociología, Universidad Central de Venezuela
326. Sonia Garzon Ramirez, Marie Curie Research Fellow, Aberystwyth University
327. Sonia Correa, Pesquisadora Social y Activista, Observatorio de Sexualidad y Politica
328. Mneesha Gellman, Associate Professor of Political Science, Emerson College
329. Susan Stokes, Blake Distinguished Service Professor, University of Chicago
330. Mónica Roa, Directora Ejecutiva, Puentes/Bridges
331. Maria Jose Montoya, Abogada, Sinergias-Alianzas Estratégicas para la Salud y el Desarrollo Social
332. Ryan E. Carlin, Professor of Political Science, Georgia State University
333. James M. Glaser, Professor of Political Science/Dean of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University
334. Marta Royo, Directora Ejecutiva, Profamilia
335. Noe Montez, Associate Professor of Theatre, Dance and Performance Studies, Tufts University
336. Logan Puck, Lecturer, Bates College
337. Philippe Urfalino, Senior Researcher, CNRS
338. Lena Lavinas, Professor, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
339. Bibiana Duarte, PhD researcher, University of Amsterdam
340. Sian Lazar, Reader in Social Anthropology, University of Cambridge
341. Trevor Evans, Professor of Economics, Berlin School of Economics and Law
342. Corina Rodriguez Enriquez, Economista, CIEPP - DAWN, Argentina
343. Pablo Collada, Director, Red Catapulta
344. Regina Fonseca, Coordinadora de programa, Centro de Derechos de Mujeres
345. Gabriela Ugarte, Comunicadora y analista de gestión constructiva de conflictos, Consultora independiente
346. Gerardo Scherlis, Profesor Titular - Investigador, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Conicet
347. Christian Gros, Profesor, Universidad Sorbona Paris
348. Abigail Satinsky, Curator, Tufts University Art Galleries
349. Paul Amar, Professor and Director of the Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara
350. Francisco R Rodriguez, Director, Oil for Venezuela
351. Candelaria Garay, Senior Fellow, Harvard University
352. Abby Cordova, Associate Professor, University of Notre Dame
353. Ricardo Valencia, Assistant Professor, California State University, Fullerton
354. Morena Soledad Herrera Argueta, Candidata a Doctorado en Filosofía Iberoamericana, Colectiva Feminista para el Desarrollo Local
355. Susan Brewer-Osorio, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona
356. Javier Fernández-Lasquetty, Consejero de Hacienda, Comunidad de Madrid (España)
357. Derek Beaudry, Lecturer, University of North Georgia
358. Julio Saguir, Doctor en Ciencia Politica y docente universitario, Universidad Santo Tomas de Aquino (Tucuman)
359. Rod Mena, Assistant Professor, International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam
360. Manuela Picq, Profesora de Relaciones Internacionales, Amherst College / Universidad San Francisco de Quito
361. Courtney J. Campbell, Lecturer in Latin American History, University of Birmingham (UK)
362. Adrián Pignataro, Profesor, Universidad de Costa Rica
363. Galia Solomonoff, Professor of Architecture, Columbia University
364. Yanina Welp, Investigadora senior, Albert Hirschman Centre on Democracy, Graduate Institute, Geneva
365. Mateo Jarquín, Assistant Professor of History, Chapman University
366. Elizabeth Oglesby, Associate Professor of Latin American Studies, University of Arizona
367. Iria Puyosa, Profesora Asociada, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Comunicación (ININCO) - Universidad Central de Venezuela.
368. Mariela Palma Cambronero, President, Asociación Libre
369. Melissa Martinez, Assistant Professor, University of Mary Washington
370. Bárbara Brizuela, Professor, Tufts University
371. Kevin Parthenay, Full Professor of Political Science, University of Tours
372. Aaron Pollack, Profesor/Investigador, CIESAS
373. María Fernanda Bozmoski, Deputy Director, Programs, Atlantic Council
374. Adriana Rudling, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Chr. Michelsen Institute, Norway
375. Joshua Mayer, PhD candidate in Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles
376. Heather S. Nathans, Professor, Department of Theatre, Dance, and Performance Studies, Tufts University
377. Jorge Recharte Bullard, Presidente, Instituto de Montaña
378. Wendi Bellanger, Provost, Universidad Centroamericana
379. José Luis Rocha, Investigador asociado, Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas"
380. Vickie Sullivan, Professor, Tufts University
381. Daniel I. Pedreira, PhD candidate in Political Science, Florida International University
382. Camilo Saavedra, Investigador, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, UNAM (México)
383. John Polga-Hecimovich, Assistant Professor, US Naval Academy
384. Ángela Fonseca Galvis, Associate Professor, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
385. Gabriela Nouzeilles, Professor and Director of the Program in Latin American Studies, Princeton University
386. José Henríquez Leiva, PhD Fellow, National University of Ireland Galway
387. Ana María Méndez-Dardón, Human rights lawyer, University of Guelph
388. Elvira Cuadra, Socióloga, Centro de Investigación de la Comunicación
389. William I. Robinson, Distinguished Professor of Sociology, University of California at Santa Barbara
390. Robert Carlson, Editor, Global Americans
391. Johanna Cilano Pelaez, Posdoctorante, UNAM
392. Joseph Nevins, Professor of Geography, Vassar College
393. M. Brinton Lykes, Professor and Co-Director, Center for Human Rights & International Justice, Boston College
394. Pablo Bolaños Villegas, Associate Faculty, University of Costa Rica, Fabio Baudrit Agricultural Research Station
395. Marisol de la Cadena, Professor, University of California-Davis
396. Luis Alberto Figueroa Jurado, Profesor, Universidad Francisco Marroquín
397. M. Emilia Barbosa, Assistant Professor, Missouri University of Science and Technology
398. Carlos Castro Jo, Professor of Sociology, Clark College
399. Alexander L. Fattal, Assistant Professor, University of California, San Diego
400. Oscar René Vargas Escobar, Sociólogo y Economista, Centro de Estudio de la Realidad Nacional – Nicaragua
401. Julia Medina, Associate Professor of Spanish, University of San Diego
402. Milton Castellanos, Spanish Professor, Northwest Career and Technical Academy, Las Vegas, NV
403. Alexandra Ortiz Wallner, Investigadora y docente, Universidad de Costa Rica/Freie Universität Berlin
404. Valeria Grinberg Pla, Professor, Bowling Green State University
405. Julia Calderón, Ph.D. Candidate, UCLA
406. Pamela Neumann, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Texas A&M International University
407. Osvaldo Meloni, Professor of economics, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina
408. James Quesada, Professor, San Francisco State University
409. Jorge Resina, Profesor de Ciencia Política, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
410. Tatiana Arguello, Assistant Professor of Spanish, Texas Christian University
411. Irene Correas Sosa, Profesor adjunto de Derecho Constitucional, Universidad San Pablo CEU
412. Juan F. Ibarra Del Cueto, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Colgate University
413. Rosa Patricia Ruiz Urbina, Docente pensionada, Independiente
414. Humberto Meza, Investigador, INCT Observatório das Metrópoles, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
415. Michael Paarlberg, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Virginia Commonwealth University
416. Charles Walker, Professor, UC Davis
417. Bárbara Brizuela, Professor, Tufts University
418. William H. Gomez Soto, Profesor, Ufpel, Brasil
419. Patricia Bayer Richard, Professor Emerita, Ohio University
420. Loris Zanatta, Catedratico, Università di Bologna
421. Adriano da Silva, Pesquisador, Fiocruz
422. Ryan Daugherty, Instructor, Butler University
423. Matt Samson, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Davidson College
424. Daniel Centeno Maldonado, Faculty, University of Houston
425. Ternot MacRenato, Professor of History (ret.), San Diego Community College District
426. Gregory M. Thaler, Assistant Professor, University of Georgia
427. Oxana Shevel, Associate Professor of Political Science, Tufts University
428. Manuel Alcántara Sáez, Profesor, Universidad de Salamanca
429. Elizabeth Remick, Associate Professor, Tufts University
430. Jo-Marie Burt, Associate Professor, George Mason University
431. Victoria González-Rivera, Associate Professor of Chicana and Chicano Studies, San Diego State University
432. Irina Carlota Silber, Professor, City College of New York
433. Maria Emilia Bianco, Graduate researcher, Boston College
434. Philip J. Williams, Dean, College of Liberal Arts, California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo

Signatures as of 14:27 Pacific Time, June 11. Signatures are still being collected and will be added at least twice daily