{"id":183457,"date":"2026-02-16T00:07:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-16T06:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/confidencial.digital\/sin-categoria\/costa-rican-border-towns-coping-with-nicaraguan-migration\/"},"modified":"2026-02-19T14:51:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T20:51:36","slug":"costa-rican-border-towns-coping-with-nicaraguan-migration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/confidencial.digital\/en\/english\/costa-rican-border-towns-coping-with-nicaraguan-migration\/","title":{"rendered":"Costa Rican Border Towns Coping with Nicaraguan Migration"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The constant flow of migrants and displaced persons in the cantons of La Cruz and Upala, on Costa Rica\u2019s border with Nicaragua, along with the lack of state resources to manage migration in the area, has left local authorities \u201coverwhelmed,\u201d according to a study conducted in the region. <\/p>\n\n

As border territories, La Cruz and Upala<\/a> suffer from \u201chistoric marginalization\u201d and lower human development than the rest of the country, warns the study Regulatory and Political Framework of Migration, Reception, and Human Mobility Dynamics in Costa Rica<\/em>. These structural conditions limit their capacity to manage migrant integration processes. <\/p>\n\n

In both cantons \u201cthere are no resources,\u201d emphasizes Arantxa Aguilar, a researcher with the Sin L\u00edmites Foundation. \u201cAnd we\u2019re not only referring to economic resources, but also human resources. This issue has affected how migrants are responded to,\u201d she adds. <\/p>\n\n

Despite the lack of resources, both localities have established municipal offices to assist migrant populations, temporary regularization programs to access basic services, and coordination mechanisms with humanitarian organizations, the study conducted by Fundacion Sin L\u00edmites and Fons Catala indicates.<\/p>\n\n

However, in those migrant service offices \u201cthere is only one person working,\u201d the researcher warns. That person is \u201coverburdened,\u201d having to respond to multiple migrant needs such as access to documentation, emotional issues, and humanitarian aid. <\/p>\n\n

Aguilar considers the political will on the part of municipal governments \u201ca positive factor,\u201d but the management of migratory flows is not institutionalized. In addition, local initiatives operate \u201cat the limit of their capacity\u201d due to the absence of funding from the central government. <\/p>\n\n

Dependence on international cooperation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

The research highlights that given the \u201cnotable institutional deficit\u201d in managing migratory flows, the municipalities of La Cruz and Upala work in coordination with civil society organizations and international cooperation agencies. But \u201cthese efforts and commitments are not sufficient for the scale represented by the migration phenomenon in these communities.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

Due to the absence of central government funding, migrant assistance in La Cruz and Upala depends almost entirely on local NGOs and international cooperation. <\/p>\n\n

\"UNHCR\"
A UNHCR worker assists Nicaraguan asylum seekers in Upala, near Costa Rica\u2019s border with Nicaragua. \/\/ Photo: UNHCR <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

\u201cWhen (much international) cooperation withdrew last year (2025), when budget cuts were made, it left very clear gaps: a refugee unit operating at half capacity, a refugee unit giving asylum appointments a year and a half out, a refugee unit denying access to asylum at border posts,\u201d Aguilar underscores.<\/p>\n\n

Another example of the vacuum left by the withdrawal of international cooperation is that \u201cjust the 41% budget cut to the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) in Costa Rica led to the closure of five partner organizations operating in the northern zone,\u201d the study notes.<\/p>\n\n

The report adds that although collaboration between local authorities and civil organizations is positive, this collaborative management model is not \u201csustainable,\u201d and it is necessary to \u201ctransition from informal coordination toward institutionalized structures with formal mandates.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

The Costa Rican state \u201cmust take the reins and assume that responsibility,\u201d Aguilar warns, noting that historically Costa Rica \u201chas kept its doors open to migrants, and that requires responsibility.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

The situation of migrants<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Given the lack of resources to manage migratory flows and the \u201coverwhelming\u201d of local authorities, migrants in La Cruz and Upala<\/a> face state bureaucracy and must incur expenses to regularize their migratory status, whether they are economic migrants or asylum seekers. <\/p>\n\n

Aguilar explains that although the asylum application process is free, applicants may wait more than a year for their first ID card. In addition, even if the application is filed in La Cruz or Upala, as the process advances applicants are referred to the capital, San Jose. <\/p>\n\n

\u201cSome people begin the processes and, because they lack resources, end up abandoning them,\u201d the researcher notes.<\/p>\n\n

Something similar happens with economic migrants seeking Costa Rican naturalization, who \u201chave to pay a lawyer, because access to the entire process is tedious and bureaucratic,\u201d Aguilar stresses.<\/p>\n\n

The lack of migratory regularization places migrants in a situation of \u201cvulnerability,\u201d as they cannot fully integrate \u2014 a situation that extends beyond the economic sphere to social, cultural, and institutional dimensions. <\/p>\n\n

\u201cOne of the main difficulties faced by migrants and displaced persons in their territorial adaptation processes is access to livelihoods that allow them to meet their basic needs and fully exercise their rights to a dignified life,\u201d the study reads.<\/p>\n\n

It adds that \u201ceffective access to fundamental rights such as health, education, formal employment, and housing constitutes a determining factor for the sustainable integration of refugees and migrants in host countries, and this study identified that it is closely linked to their migratory status.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Focus group held with local authorities and community leaders from La Cruz and Upala. \/\/ Photo: Courtesy <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

A binational territory<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

In La Cruz and Upala there exists a \u201cwell-marked binational cultural vision,\u201d Aguilar notes \u2014 a situation she attributes to geographic proximity, the historic migration of Nicaraguans to Costa Rica, and the fact that many residents in the area have Nicaraguan ancestry. <\/p>\n\n

In the 1980s, Costa Rica hosted large camps of Nicaraguan refugees fleeing the war between the Sandinista Army and the Contra forces. Many of those people stayed to live and work in the neighboring country.<\/p>\n\n

Four decades later, the sociopolitical crisis that began in 2018 has generated a new pattern of forced displacement. Since then, Costa Rica has received more than 194,000 asylum applications, according to UNHCR, and it is estimated that more than half a million Nicaraguans live in the country. <\/p>\n\n

Researchers from the NGO reviewed immigration laws and policies and compared them with interviews and focus groups conducted with local authorities and community leaders from La Cruz and Upala. Their results confirm that the reality of these migrants differs from those living in more central areas of the country. <\/p>\n\n

In interviews, \u201cthey always mention Nicaraguan food, that they are of Nicaraguan origin, that despite talk of xenophobia, they have also tried to create programs and spaces so that Nicaraguans can integrate,\u201d Aguilar highlights.<\/p>\n\n

Migrants \u201cnot only contribute to the local economy,\u201d the researcher notes. They also \u201cmake cultural contributions, such as diversifying food, sharing customs and traditions, and opening spaces for other migrants who are arriving,\u201d Arantxa Aguilar concludes. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The constant flow of migrants and displaced persons in the cantons of La Cruz and Upala, on Costa Rica\u2019s border with Nicaragua, along with the lack of state resources to manage migration in the area, has left local authorities \u201coverwhelmed,\u201d according to a study conducted in the region. As border territories, La Cruz and Upala […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":138430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_eb_data_table":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15445],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCosta Rican Border Towns Coping with Nicaraguan Migration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Study indicates that migration in La Cruz and Upala, on the Costa Rican border with Nicaragua, has overwhelmed local authorities.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/confidencial.digital\/en\/english\/costa-rican-border-towns-coping-with-nicaraguan-migration\/\" \/>\n<meta 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