{"id":171203,"date":"2025-07-23T00:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-23T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/confidencial.digital\/sin-categoria\/the-struggle-of-three-nicaraguans-to-graduate-in-exile\/"},"modified":"2025-07-26T16:01:06","modified_gmt":"2025-07-26T22:01:06","slug":"the-struggle-of-three-nicaraguans-to-graduate-in-exile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/confidencial.digital\/en\/english\/the-struggle-of-three-nicaraguans-to-graduate-in-exile\/","title":{"rendered":"The Struggle of Three Nicaraguans to Graduate in Exile"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

It took Heyling Marenco six years to return to the classroom after she was arbitrarily expelled from the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua). Not because she had little interest in continuing her studies during that time, but because doing so in exile\u2014far from family support, without a passport, and without academic records to validate her years of effort\u2014was nearly impossible. <\/p>\n\n

Heyling\u2019s dream of becoming a professional was taken from her twice by the Ortega-Murillo dictatorship. First in August 2018, when newly appointed rector Ramona Rodriguez<\/a> authorized the expulsion of university students who joined the protests. The second time came in 2022, when Pablo Freire University\u2014where she and other UNAN-expelled students had received scholarships\u2014was shut down after its legal status was revoked. <\/p>\n\n

\u201cMy world fell apart. Everything collapsed. I was the first in my family to go to university,\u201d says Heyling, 31, recalling the moment she learned she had been expelled for the first time. <\/p>\n\n

\"UNAN
University students protesting at UNAN\u2013Managua in 2018. \/\/ Photo: Archivo | CONFIDENCIAL <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

The UNAN\u2013Managua Expelled Students<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

More than a hundred university students were expelled<\/a> from their institutions in 2018 as a form of \u201cpolitical revenge\u201d by the Ortega-Murillo regime for protesting against them. The decision was made behind closed doors<\/a>, where the students were declared academically dead, banned from entering campus, and in some cases had their records deleted or denied, making it impossible to resume their studies. <\/p>\n\n

Most of these students were in their final years of university. They were never told what they were accused of or what the evidence was. Nor were they given a chance to defend themselves, in a country where the rule of law has all but disappeared. <\/p>\n\n

<\/span>0<\/span><\/span><\/h4>

University students were expelled from campuses in Nicaragua, according to data from the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), published in June 2019.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n

In November 2020, the student group Acci\u00f3n Universitaria reported that of the 109 expulsions they documented, only 13 were reversed\u2014though it is unknown under what process or conditions. <\/p>\n\n

To this day, there are no official figures on how many of those expelled students managed to resume their studies abroad or within Nicaragua. It\u2019s known that at least 30% were in their fourth or fifth year. Acci\u00f3n Universitaria has a sample of 69 of the 109 expelled students they tracked. Of these, only 20.3%\u2014about 14 students\u2014said they continued studying at another university. Meanwhile, 42% (29 students) said they resumed their studies, and 37.7% declined to answer. <\/p>\n\n

Many were not accepted by other universities or were told they had to abandon their student activism. That was the case for Alejandra Centeno, who in 2022 finally graduated with a degree in International Relations from Loyola University in Spain. She had been expelled during her final year of studies. <\/p>\n\n

\"University
Alejandra Centeno, Yasuri Potoy, and Heyling Marenco were expelled from UNAN\u2013Managua. \/\/ Collage: CONFIDENCIAL <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

On the occasion of Student Day\u2014commemorated in Nicaragua every July 23 in memory of the 1959 student massacre in Leon, ordered by Somoza\u2019s National Guard\u2014 CONFIDENCIAL<\/strong> sought out those expelled students to learn how they managed to continue their education. Some of them were able to achieve their goals after overcoming many obstacles. These are the stories of Alejandra<\/a>, Yasuri<\/a>, and Heyling<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n

\n\n

I. Dream Achieved<\/h2>\n\n
<\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n

\u201cNo one can take from us who we are or what we learned.\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    After being expelled from her university in Nicaragua for her activism, Alejandra Centeno traveled to Europe to fulfill her dream of becoming a professional.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

    \"Alejandra
    Alejandra Centeno was in her final year of Political Science and International Relations when she was expelled from UNAN\u2013Managua. \/\/ Photo: Archivo | CONFIDENCIAL <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    Alejandra Centeno had to travel more than 8,000 kilometers (5,000 miles) from Managua to fulfill her dream of becoming a professional. Not because she wanted to, but because none of the doors she knocked on in Nicaragua and Central America opened to her in her attempt to reclaim her university career. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cI was expelled for a supposed \u2018serious offense,\u2019 but I know it was really retaliation for my activism,\u201d Alejandra explains. \u201cThe day I found out I\u2019d been expelled I cried a lot. I felt very sad for myself and for my family. I had no plan other than to study and then work.\u201d <\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n

    Centeno had a feeling she might be expelled, since she\u2019d heard rumors since July 2018 that the students barricaded inside UNAN would be sanctioned. Still, she tried to convince herself it wouldn\u2019t happen to her. But her fate was sealed by a special commission<\/a> that, behind closed doors, decided to expel her. <\/p>\n\n

    She was 20 years old, in her fifth year of Political Science and International Relations, an honors student, and a student leader. \u201cAt that moment, I even had a small identity crisis because we had been fighting for student rights, for university autonomy. But now how could I be a student leader outside the student community, when we couldn\u2019t even set foot near the university?\u201d she says. <\/p>\n\n

    But her dream didn\u2019t die there. She tried to get a scholarship at a private university but was asked to renounce her activism in exchange, which she refused. Determined to keep studying, she wrote to several Central American universities. When she got no response, she reached out to a faraway institution: Loyola University in Spain. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cI met the director of the Spanish Cooperation Agency in Nicaragua. He recommended someone at that university, and I wrote to him. I didn\u2019t know him, but I dared to send an email explaining my whole story, along with the grades I\u2019d been able to download from the system (which had no official signature or seal). That was October 11, 2019,\u201d she recalls.<\/p>\n\n

    Four days later, she received a reply saying they would study her case. \u201cI didn\u2019t hear anything else until the end of November, when they told me I was being granted a full scholarship on administrative grounds.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cI couldn\u2019t believe it. Honestly, I never thought about going to Europe to study. I had hoped to finish my degree in Nicaragua or Central America. It was incredible,\u201d she remembers with emotion. <\/p>\n\n

    At that point, Alejandra and her family faced a new challenge: the scholarship covered only tuition. She would have to figure out how to survive in a foreign country with no family or support network. And she had to move quickly\u2014she was being asked to join the International Relations program by late January 2020. <\/p>\n\n

    So began her search for money to survive her first months in Spain while she looked for work. That search led her to Ni\u00f1as Arriba, a US-based NGO that helps young women access higher education\u2014though its focus is in El Salvador. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cEven though I wasn\u2019t from El Salvador, I wrote to them, told them my story, and they gave me a grant to live there,\u201d she says. <\/p>\n\n

    In late January 2020, Alejandra left behind everything in Nicaragua\u2014her family and friends\u2014to start over at a new university.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n

    She was able to recover her academic record because, at one point, UNAN\u2013Managua handed out some transcripts at gate 2 of the campus. Hers wasn\u2019t among them, but after insisting\u2014almost in tears\u2014the authorities agreed to give it to her. With those records, she was able to transfer some credits. <\/p>\n\n

    In July 2022, she finally became a professional. A dream she was able to share with her mother and brother, who managed to attend the ceremony after raising money through a public GoFundMe<\/a> campaign. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cIf it hadn\u2019t been for that fundraiser and everyone who donated, I don\u2019t even know if I would have been able to attend the graduation. That day my mom was definitely happier than I was,\u201d she recalls.<\/p>\n\n

    After graduating, Alejandra interned at a Swiss organization, then did a fellowship<\/em> with a Colombian group focused on social and environmental justice and migration. She\u2019s now in Sweden, where she hopes to learn the language. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cEven if it seems like everything we built was lost in an instant, no one can take from us who we are or what we learned from what we lived through. What we\u2019ve experienced is incredibly valuable,\u201d says Alejandra, seven years after her expulsion.<\/p>\n\n

    \n\n

    II. Double Expulsion <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
    <\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n

    The path back to the classroom was not the same for all the expelled students. Some, like Heyling Marenco, couldn\u2019t secure a scholarship outside of Costa Rica\u2014where she took refuge\u2014because lacking a passport or travel document made it impossible. <\/p>\n\n

    Or like Yasuri Potoy, who was in her fifth year of Nursing and Obstetrics when she was expelled. No matter how hard she tried to continue her career, she had to choose between studying or working to support herself in Costa Rica and help her parents in Nicaragua. But after years of waiting for an opportunity, she finally received a scholarship to study Psychology at the Central University of Costa Rica. <\/p>\n\n

    \n\n

    \u201cNo matter my age, I will graduate in Nursing from UNAN\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    Expelled from her university in Nicaragua for helping the wounded, Yasuri Potoy dreams of becoming a nurse while studying Psychology in Costa Rica.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

    \"Yasuri
    Yasuri Potoy was in her fifth year of Nursing and Obstetrics when she was expelled from UNAN\u2013Managua. \/\/ Photo: Courtesy <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    Yasuri Potoy dreamed of graduating\u2014of proudly wearing the white uniform worn by nurses\u2014of handing her university diploma to her mother and dedicating to her the poem \u201cLos 200 pesos\u201d. So close to graduation in 2018, she saw it as a dream nearly fulfilled. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cI had a good mother. I had a saintly mother,\u201d begins the iconic poem by Jorge Calderon, who thanks a mother\u2019s sacrifice for her child\u2019s education. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cWhen I was in Nicaragua, my mother scrubbed floors, washed clothes, and did domestic work in private homes so she could give me money to attend university and cover transportation to my practical assignments,\u201d Yasuri says.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n

    Originally from Ometepe Island in Lake Cocibolca, Yasuri wasn\u2019t the first in her family to go to university, but she was the first to attend one of the most prestigious universities in Nicaragua. Her academic efforts, however, were abruptly cut short in August 2018. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cThe first person I thought of was my mother, all the sacrifice she made to support me through five years of my degree,\u201d Yasuri recalls. She doesn\u2019t even know who sat on the commission that arbitrarily decided to expel her, without giving her the chance to defend herself. <\/p>\n\n

    Her \u201csin\u201d was providing medical aid to students injured during police repression. Because of the violence, she spent several months in hiding until she finally left for Costa Rica, hopeful she could resume her studies\u2014never imagining how hard the path would be. <\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n

    \u201cI tried to get into the University of Costa Rica twice, but without a support network to help me stay afloat in this new country, I had to choose between studying or working, because starting the degree would\u2019ve meant devoting all my time to it,\u201d she explains.<\/p>\n\n

    She applied for scholarship programs to cover her expenses, but at that time there was little awareness in Costa Rica\u2014especially in academia\u2014of the situation faced by Nicaraguan exiles. \u201cThey asked for a lot of requirements,\u201d Potoy says. <\/p>\n\n

    Faced with these obstacles and the urgency of earning a living, Yasuri had to put her studies on hold. It wasn\u2019t until 2021 that the hope of becoming a professional returned when Pablo Freire University offered her a scholarship for online study. That\u2019s when she decided to begin a degree in Psychology. However, her joy was short-lived: in February 2022, the Ortega regime revoked the university\u2019s legal status, and she lost everything she had accomplished. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cI have no official record from Pablo Freire University; all I have are my memories, my recollection that I studied there, because everything was stripped from them,\u201d she laments. <\/p>\n\n

    At the end of 2023, Yasuri won a scholarship from the International Network for Human Rights Europe (RIDHE) to study Psychology at the Central University of Costa Rica. She\u2019s currently in her eighth term of the bachelor\u2019s program. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cThis scholarship has been a ray of hope\u2014a door toward the pursuit of justice. I, Yasuri, will not stop until I seek justice for the right that was violated and denied to me. And I believe that through this education, I\u2019ll be able to continue raising my voice wherever I am,\u201d she declares. <\/p>\n\n

    Yasuri believes that resuming her studies in such adverse conditions is an act of resistance\u2014a way to say \u201cto the dictatorship that we are educating ourselves, we are strengthening our skills, because we are going to return to Nicaragua prepared. We will have all the tools to help build a society where respect for human rights, equality, freedom of expression, university autonomy, and access to quality education without partisan ideologies prevails\u2014a society where critical thinking is truly developed,\u201d she reflects. <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cNo matter how old I am or what year it is. I will graduate as an obstetric nurse from UNAN\u2013Managua. Because that is my dream,\u201d she declares. <\/p>\n\n

    \n\n

    \u201cThey didn\u2019t destroy my dream of studying\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

    Expelled and without documents, Heyling Marenco faced multiple losses in Costa Rica. Now she is studying Psychology, rekindling her dream thanks to a scholarship. <\/em><\/p>\n\n

    \"Heyling
    Heyling Marenco tried to finish her Social Work degree twice. Now she studies Psychology in Costa Rica. \/\/ Photo: Courtesy <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

    In Costa Rica, Heyling Marenco has endured several losses. The loss of arriving in a new country without documents or family. The loss of missing out\u2014twice\u2014on the chance to graduate in Social Work, the degree she had nearly completed at UNAN, once because of her unjust expulsion, and again when the other university that gave her a second chance was shut down. She tells her story in the first person: <\/p>\n\n

    \u201cIt was a long process to accept that a chapter of my life was definitely over, but that my life didn\u2019t end there. It was hard to understand and come to terms with that. <\/p>\n\n

    I didn\u2019t have any family here. It was a new country where I didn\u2019t even understand the currency. All I had heard about Costa Rica were stories from my neighbors who came to work here in December, but they never mentioned how expensive this country is. <\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n

    That meant I had to work to pay for food and housing, and it was incredibly challenging because of how costly everything is here. Soon after, the pandemic hit, and I had to reinvent my life all over again. So for a while, I just focused on surviving and put my university dreams on hold. <\/p>\n\n

    Still, continuing my education was always important to me. So, I took short courses unrelated to Social Work, but more focused on human rights and activism, and those helped me a lot. <\/p>\n\n

    In 2021, I tried to resume my degree a second time\u2014starting from scratch\u2014at Pablo Freire University. But again, the dream was snatched away when the university lost its legal status. I experienced it with less grief that time and focused on working and organizing as a feminist. <\/p>\n\n

    Over those four years, I made use of the tools I had gained in my Social Work studies. Even if they aren\u2019t documented on paper, or signed, stamped, and notarized, that knowledge cannot be taken from me\u2014not by the regime, nor the university. They will never be able to take away my intelligence or everything I\u2019ve learned. <\/p>\n\n

    Last year, in 2024, I won a scholarship from the International Network for Human Rights Europe (RIDHE), and that\u2019s how\u2014finally, after many years\u2014I returned to university. I didn\u2019t have access to my academic records; the only document I had was my high school diploma, and it wasn\u2019t even notarized. I had to explain my entire situation to the university, that as a refugee I couldn\u2019t access many documents and couldn\u2019t even notarize what I had. In the end, they understood. <\/p>\n\n

    With this new beginning, I decided to study Psychology. First, because I had already tried twice to finish Social Work and couldn\u2019t\u2014so maybe life is telling me to let it go. And second, because through my personal journey I discovered that Psychology is a powerful tool for the kind of nation-building Nicaragua needs. <\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n

    I\u2019m now close to finishing my first year at the Central University of Costa Rica. I\u2019m very happy and making the most of this scholarship. It\u2019s been challenging because I study at night after a full day of work and other responsibilities. The advantage is that for now, I work as a consultant, which gives me the flexibility to prioritize my studies. <\/p>\n\n

    Without this scholarship, I probably wouldn\u2019t be studying. In public universities, you must choose between working or studying. And private ones are far too expensive. I don\u2019t have the resources to pay for the university I\u2019m currently attending. <\/p>\n\n

    But what excites me most is that, beyond finally having a diploma, it\u2019s about proving to the dictatorship\u2014or to those who decided to expel us\u2014that they didn\u2019t crush my dream of studying, learning, and growing in the field I love: social work.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    It took Heyling Marenco six years to return to the classroom after she was arbitrarily expelled from the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua). Not because she had little interest in continuing her studies during that time, but because doing so in exile\u2014far from family support, without a passport, and without academic records to validate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":171114,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_eb_data_table":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15445],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-171203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Struggle of Three Nicaraguans to Graduate in Exile<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Resuming their studies in exile and without documents was difficult. 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